I-Lab Log: Ukukhethwa Kwensimbi Ye-Alloy kanye Nokwelashwa Kokushisa Kwama-Adaptha Ebhakede Agugile

A I-adaptha yamazinyo ebhakede leKomatsuiyisixhumanisi sesakhiwo phakathi komphetho webhakede lomgubhu kanye nesihloko sezinyo esingashintshwa. Simunca amandla okumba aphelele — okuthi ku-excavator ye-PC200 angafinyelela ku-140 kN esicongweni sezinyo lebhakede — bese siwadlulisela kusuka ezinyweni nge-adaptha bese singena emlonyeni webhakede. Uma i-adaptha iqhekeka noma iguga kancane ebhoreni lephini, isihloko sezinyo siyalahleka futhi opharetha kumele ayeke ukumba, alande izinyo, bese eshintsha i-adaptha — umsebenzi wemizuzu engama-25 ngo-$2–3 ngomzuzu ngezindleko zokungasebenzi komshini.

Embonini yethu yokusungula izinto e-JM China, sisebenzisa ama-adaptha e-Komatsu ngensimbi ye-martensitic ene-alloy ephansi — ngokuvamile i-30CrMnSi noma i-35CrMo grade — ngoba lawa ma-alloy afinyelela ubulukhuni obudingekayo be-HRC 45–52 ngemva kokucima uwoyela nokushisa ngenkathi egcina ukuqina okwanele komthelela wokulayisha okujikelezayo komsebenzi wokumba. Inqubo yokubumba isebenzisa iphethini ye-foam elahlekile enesikhunta sesihlabathi se-silica. Ngemva kokushisa, i-adaptha ngayinye ifakwa isixazululo ku-920°C amahora ama-2, icinywe uwoyela ekushiseni kwegumbi, bese iqiniswa ku-250°C amahora ama-3 ukuze kufinyelelwe ubulukhuni obuqondiwe. Isinyathelo sokushisa sibalulekile: yeqa bese i-adaptha iphuka ku-HRC 58–60, ithambekele ekuqhekekeni lapho kushayisana idwala lokuqala. Ishisa kakhulu ku-350°C futhi ubulukhuni buyehla bufike ku-HRC 38–42, kunciphisa impilo yokuguguleka ngo-40%.

Sigcina incazelo yobunzima be-HRC 48 ± 3 kuma-adapter ajwayelekile e-Komatsu kanye ne-HRC 52 ± 2 yenguqulo enzima echazwe ngabakhi bokudiliza. Ubulukhuni buqinisekiswa ngezilinganiso ze-Rockwell C ezinamaphoyinti amathathu nge-adaptha ngayinye: eyodwa echosheni lekhala (indawo egcina izinyo), enye echosheni le-pin (indawo ethatha iphini lokugcina), kanye nenye esisekelo sokufaka (indawo ehlanganisa noma ebopha udebe lwebhakede). Ubulukhuni bephuzu lekhala kumele bube ngaphakathi kwamaphuzu ama-HRC ama-2 e-pin boss - ngaphandle kwalokho ukuguguleka okuhlukile phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili kusheshisa ukuxega kwamazinyo. Uma iphuzu lekhala lithambile (HRC 42) kuyilapho iphini boss iqinile (HRC 50), iphuzu lekhala liguguleka ngo-30% ngokushesha futhi izinyo liqala ukudlala eceleni ngemva kwamahora angu-120. Umsebenzisi akakwazi ukuzwa lokhu kudlala ekhabhini - kodwa iphini lokugcina manje lithwele umthwalo ohlangothini elalingaklanyelwanga wona, futhi ukuguguleka kwephini ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungenzeka.

NgoJanuwari 2025, sihlole ama-adapter angu-50 avela ku-cast batch entsha ngokumelene nama-50 avela ekukhiqizweni kwethu kwamanje. I-batch entsha - ekhishwe ekushiseni okuhlukile kancane kwe-35CrMo - ibonise ukusabalala kobunzima obuvela ekhaleni kuya ephinini kwamaphuzu angu-3.8 HRC ngokwesilinganiso, uma kuqhathaniswa no-1.6 we-batch yamanje. Imbangela eyinhloko kwakuwukushisa okuphezulu kukawoyela we-quench oil ngo-15°C ngosuku lokuqala lokukhiqiza kwe-batch entsha, okwehlisa ubunzima be-quench ekhaleni elincane kodwa hhayi ephinini elijiyile. Sibuyisele uwoyela we-quench ku-45°C futhi saqinisekisa ukuthi ukusabalala kobunzima kubuyele esilinganisweni samaphuzu angu-1.6 ezinsukwini ezine ezilandelayo zokukhiqiza. Ama-adapter angu-50 avela ku-anomalous batch ehlisiwe "emsebenzini ojwayelekile" futhi athengiswa ngentengo encishisiwe ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingabizi kakhulu.

Irekhodi Lokukhiqiza: Ukusakaza, Ukwelashwa Kokushisa, kanye Nokuqinisekiswa Okulinganiselwe Kwe-Komatsu K-Series Adapters

Iphrofayili yephini yochungechunge lweKomatsu K — esetshenziswa kumamodeli e-excavator e-PC30 kuya ku-PC800 — icacisa imbobo yephini enciphile ene-engeli ehlanganisiwe engu-2° kokubili kumabhore aphezulu naphansi, ububanzi bephini obuthile (12 mm ku-PC50 kufika ku-30 ​​mm ku-PC650), kanye nebanga eliphakathi nendawo kuya ekhaleni elihluka ngobukhulu be-adaptha. Ukuphambuka okungaphezu kuka-0.3 mm endaweni yembobo yephini kusho ukuthi iphini yokugcina ayikwazi ukufakwa kokubili ezinyo kanye namabhore e-adaptha — futhi yonke i-adaptha iyizicucu. Lokhu kunemba okulinganiselwe kutholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-CNC machining ngemuva kokukhipha kanye ne-fixture ezinikele ebhekisela endaweni eyisisekelo yokufaka ye-adaptha.

Sifaka i-adaptha ngayinye ngomshini owodwa esikhungweni somshini esiqondile esinama-axis amane. Uchungechunge lokusebenza luthi: (1) sibheke isisekelo sokufaka — sibhekisela kumaphuzu okuthola ubumba kusukela kuphethini ye-foam elahlekile; (2) sibhoboza bese sibuyisela i-pin bore kuya ekubekezeleleni kwe-H8 (isb., 20.0 +0.033/0.000 mm ye-adaptha ye-PC200); (3) sigaya umsele wokugcina amazinyo esicongweni sempumulo; kanye (4) sibhoboza imbobo enqamula i-pin boss ye-retainer clip. Ngemva komshini, i-adaptha ngayinye ihlolwa emshinini wokulinganisa ohambisanayo (CMM) onesinqumo esingu-0.005 mm. Ubukhulu obubalulekile — ububanzi be-pin bore, ibanga eliphakathi nendawo ukusuka ebusweni kuya kobuso obubekwe, kanye nobubanzi be-nose tip — kulinganiswa futhi kuqoshwe embikweni weqembu ohambisana nokuthunyelwa ngakunye kubasabalalisi baseJapan.

Ngo-2024, sakhiqiza ama-adapter ahambisana ne-Komatsu angu-38,000 kuzo zonke izinhlobo zosayizi ezingu-20. Izinga lokwenqatshwa ngobukhulu lalingu-1.1%, okusho ukuthi ama-adapter angu-418 ahlulekile ukuhlolwa kwe-CMM futhi alahlwa noma aphinde asebenza. Ukwehluleka okuvame kakhulu - u-62% wezinto ezinqatshiwe - kwakuyisikhundla se-pin bore: ibanga eliphakathi nendawo kuya ebusweni bokufaka lalingaphandle kwefasitela lokubekezelelana lika-±0.3 mm. Salandela lokhu ekushintsheni kokukhula kokushisa kuma-castings angaphekiwe: ama-castings ayepholile kancane esikhumbeni (ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu komswakama wesihlabathi) abonise ukuncishiswa okwengeziwe okungu-0.15-0.2 mm esicongweni sempumulo, eshintsha isikhundla se-pin bore maqondana nendiza yokubhekisela. Isixazululo se-foundry kwakuwukusebenzisa ukupholisa kwe-mold okulawulwayo okungu-180 ± 10 imizuzu ngaphambi kokushukuma - ngaphambilini, isikhathi sokupholisa sasincike ekuqondeni komqhubi futhi sasisukela kumaminithi angu-120 kuya kwangu-240. Ngemva kokusebenzisa ukupholisa okulawulwayo, izinga lokwenqatshwa kwesikhundla se-pin bore lehle lisuka ku-0.68% laya ku-0.19%.

Kwabasabalalisi baseJapan — abavame ukugcina isitokwe sokuphepha sama-adaptha angu-200–500 ngosayizi ngamunye — uhlelo lokulandelela ama-batch esilunikezayo lubavumela ukuthi babone noma iyiphi i-adaptha ngayinye ngenombolo yayo ye-batch futhi bathole irekhodi lokukhipha, ishadi lokwelapha ukushisa, kanye nombiko wobukhulu be-CMM. Lokhu kulandelela kuya ngokuya kudingwa yizinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi zezinkampani zokwakha zaseJapan, ezidinga ukuthi zonke izingxenye zokuguguleka zinikezweInhlangano Yemishini Yokwakha yaseJapanizinkampani ezingamalungu ziphethe imibhalo ephelele yomlando wokukhiqiza.

Idatha Yensimu: Ukusebenza Kwesistimu Yokugcina Iphinikhodi Ngaphansi Kokulayisha Okujikelezayo

Uhlelo lokugcina amaphini — isiqeshana sensimbi entwasahlobo noma i-polyurethane retainer esivala iphini yokugcina endaweni — luyingxenye encane kakhulu ye-adaptha kodwa luwumthombo ovame kakhulu wokwehluleka kwensimu. Lapho isiqeshana sokugcina siphuka noma silahlekelwa ukucindezeleka, iphini yokugcina isebenza ngokukhululekile ngaphansi kokudlidliza kokumba, futhi isihloko samazinyo siyawa ku-adaptha zingakapheli imijikelezo yokusebenza eyi-10-20. Isihloko samazinyo esilahlekile endaweni yokubhidliza enkabeni yeTokyo — lapho umgodi we-PC350 wawuphula khona ama-slab ekhonkrithi aqinisiwe — kusho ukuthi umshini kumele ume, umqhubi kumele ehle, athole izinyo enqwabeni yemfucumfucu (okungathatha imizuzu eyi-10 endaweni egcwele), alithathe, bese elifaka kabusha ngesiqeshana esisha sokugcina. Ngezindleko zomshini ezingama-$80 ngehora lokusebenza kanye nokuma okungahleliwe kwemizuzu engama-30, ukulahleka ngakunye kwamazinyo kubiza ama-$40 ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi komshini — kanye nezindleko zomsebenzi zomqhubi kanye nomphathi wokuphepha kwendawo.

Sihlole izinto ezintathu zokufaka iziqeshana zokugcina emshinini wokulayisha ojikelezayo esikhungweni sethu saseZhengzhou ngo-2024: (1) insimbi yentwasahlobo engu-65Mn, ehlungiwe ngokushisa ku-HRC 44–48; (2) insimbi yentwasahlobo engu-60Si2Mn, ehlungiwe ngokushisa ku-HRC 46–50; kanye (3) nokuqina kwe-polyurethane 95A Shore. Ukuhlolwa kujikeleze isiqeshana ngasinye ngemijikelezo yokususa ukufakwa engu-50,000 ngemvamisa engu-0.5 Hz - kulingisa isimo esibi kakhulu sokushintsha kwamazinyo ngokugcwele ngokushintshana esikhathini seminyaka emi-2. Ama-clip angu-65Mn abonise ukwehla kwamandla okunamathisela ngo-22% ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-50,000 — kusukela ku-280 N kokuqala kwamandla okugcina kuya ku-218 N. Ama-clip angu-60Si2Mn abonise ukwehla okungu-15% — kusukela ku-300 N kuya ku-255 N. Ama-clip e-polyurethane abonise ukwehla okungu-35% — kusukela ku-200 N kuya ku-130 N — kanti amathathu kuma-clip e-polyurethane angu-20 aqhekeka endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi kwemijikelezo engu-30,000 nengu-38,000.

Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, manje sisebenzisa iziqeshana zensimbi zentwasahlobo ezingama-60Si2Mn njengezijwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-adaptha zeKomatsu ezingaphezu kwe-PC200, futhi sinikeza iziqeshana ezingama-65Mn ezincane ze-PC70 kanye ne-PC130 lapho ukucindezeleka kweziqeshana eziphansi kusanele umthwalo omkhulu wamazinyo angama-20 kN. Iziqeshana ze-polyurethane zisatholakala kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingabalulekile njengokuhlola amazinyo ebhakede kodwa azinconywa ukubhidliza noma ukumba amatshe. Sifaka iqoqo leziqeshana eziyishumi ezengeziwe zokugcina kanye nephalethi ngayinye yama-adaptha angama-50 athunyelwa kubasabalalisi baseJapan - umkhuba owamukelwe kahle ngoba iziqeshana ziyingxenye encane elahleka kakhulu emisebenzini yokulungisa insimu.

Umphumela Wokuhlola: Ukuqhathaniswa Kokumelana Nokuguguleka Kuwo Wonke Amabanga Okuqina

Siqhube isivivinyo sokuhuzuka esilawulwayo siqhathanisa insimbi ye-adaptha emazingeni amane obulukhuni: i-HRC 38, i-HRC 45, i-HRC 50, kanye ne-HRC 55. Isampula ngayinye yayiyipuleti elingu-50 mm × 50 mm × 12 mm elisikiwe kusuka ku-adaptha yokukhiqiza engxenyeni yempumulo. Isivivinyo sisebenzise idivayisi yesondo lerabha yesihlabathi elomile nge-ASTM G65 — inqubo D, umthwalo ongu-5 kg, ukujikeleza okungu-1,000 — futhi salinganisa ukulahleka kwevolumu ngama-cubic millimeter.

Imiphumela: I-HRC 38 ilahlekelwe ngama-85 mm³. I-HRC 45 ilahlekelwe ngama-62 mm³ — ukuthuthuka ngama-27% kunesampula ethambile kakhulu. I-HRC 50 ilahlekelwe ngama-48 mm³ — ukuthuthuka ngama-23% kune-HRC 45 kanye no-44% kunethambile kakhulu. I-HRC 55 ilahlekelwe ngama-41 mm³ — ukuthuthuka ngama-15% kune-HRC 50 kodwa ukuthuthuka okuphelele okungu-7 mm³ kuphela. Umthetho wokunciphisa ukubuya usobala: ukukhuphuka kokumelana nokuguguleka kusuka ku-HRC 50 kuya ku-HRC 55 kuncane, kuyilapho ukulahlekelwa ukuqina komthelela kubalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Charpy V-notch kumasampula afanayo kubonise ukuthi amandla omthelela ehle kusuka ku-24 J ku-HRC 50 kuya ku-14 J ku-HRC 55 — ukuncishiswa ngama-42%. Esicelweni sokudiliza lapho i-adaptha kufanele imelane nokushaywa kwamatshe ngqo, ingozi yokuqhekeka ekhulayo ku-HRC 55 idlula ukukhuphuka kokuphila kokuguguleka okungu-15%.

Lolu lwazi lokuhlola luqondisa izincomo zomkhiqizo wethu. Ngokuthuthwa komhlabathi enhlabathini enesihlabathi noma enodaka — lapho ukuguguleka kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuguguleka — sincoma i-HRC 50–52 ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi esiphezulu sokuguguleka ngaphandle kobuthakathaka obungamukeleki. Ngokudilizwa noma ukumba amatshe — lapho umthwalo womthelela unzima — sincoma i-HRC 46–48 ukuze kugcinwe ukuqina komthelela ngenkathi kusafezwa ukumelana nokuguguleka okwamukelekayo. Izinkontileka zokudilizwa kwemakethe yaseJapan esizihlinzekayo eTokyo nase-Osaka zilinganise izinga le-HRC 46–48 ngama-retainer clip angu-60Si2Mn, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwe-adaptha yonyaka nge-PC350 excavator ngayinye kufinyelela kuma-adaptha angu-36 — ukushintshwa okukodwa njalo emahoreni okusebenza ayi-10 — uma kuqhathaniswa nama-adaptha angu-48 ngonyaka ku-HRC 38–42 avela emthonjeni womncintiswano.

Impendulo Yeklayenti: Isu Lokugcina Izimpahla Zomsabalalisi kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kokubuyiselwa Kwewaranti

Umsabalalisi waseJapan oseYokohama ugcina ama-adaptha amazinyo eKomatsu anamabhakede angu-18 avela efektri yethu. Bahlinzeka ngamakhasimende angaba ngu-350 emikhumbi yokumba endaweni yaseKanto, behlanganisa ama-mini-grave (PC30–PC70) okuvuselela izindawo zokuhlala kuze kufike kuma-grave amakhulu okumba (PC490–PC800) okumba izakhiwo eziphakeme. Umsabalalisi u-oda ngamaqoqo ekota ama-adaptha angu-5,000–8,000. Ngo-2024, babike izinga lokubuyiselwa kwewaranti elingu-1.2% kuma-adaptha ethu - amayunithi angu-96 kwangu-8,200 athunyelwe - uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokubuyiselwa elingu-3.8% lomhlinzeki wabo wangaphambilini.

Sihlaziye ama-adapter angu-96 abuyisiwe. Ukuhlukaniswa: ama-adapter angu-42 ayegugile ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisebenzayo ngesilinganiso esingaphezu kwesilinganiso - kulandele amakhasimende awasebenzisa ekumbeni amatshe ngaphandle kwesilinganiso esinzima. Ama-adapter angamashumi amathathu nanye ayene-pin bore ephukile noma ephikisiwe - kulandelelwe kubasebenzi abasebenzisa amandla e-bucket crowd ukuze bahlukanise idwala emseleni ovalekile, okudala isikhathi sokugoba e-pin boss esidlule umthamo wokugoba ongu-180 kN we-adapter ye-PC200. Ama-adapter ayishumi nambili ayelahlekelwe yizinyo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwe-retainer clip - kuma-batches athunyelwe ngaphambi kokuba sishintshele kuma-clip angu-60Si2Mn. Ama-adapter ayishumi nanye empeleni ayengewona umkhiqizo wethu - ayengama-adapter ancintisanayo afakwe ngephutha yi-warehouse yomthengisi ku-button yokubuyisela. Ngemva kokulungisa ukubuyiselwa kwemikhiqizo okungeyona eyethu, izinga lokubuyiselwa kwewaranti langempela lalingu-1.04%. Umphathi wokuthenga womthengisi ungitshele ukuthi: “Besivame ukwenza isabelomali esingu-5% wezindleko zokuthenga i-adapter zokushintsha iwaranti. Ngomkhiqizo wakho, siku-1.2%. Lokho kungukonga kwangempela kwento.”

Emakethe yaseJapan, iphrofayili yoku-oda i-adaptha ejwayelekile ilandela iphethini yesizini. Isidingo siphezulu ngo-Ephreli (ekuqaleni konyaka wezimali, lapho isabelomali sokwakha sisanda kusha) kanye no-Okthoba (ekuqaleni kwefasitela lokudilizwa kwesizini eyomile). Umthetho wesitokwe sokuphepha somsabalalisi uthi: amayunithi angu-3,000 okungenani kumasayizi ayisithupha ahamba ngokushesha (PC78, PC128, PC138, PC200, PC228, PC400), amayunithi angu-1,500 kumasayizi aphakathi, kanye namayunithi angu-500 kumasayizi amakhulu kakhulu omgubhu. Sigcina isikhathi sokuhola sezinsuku ezingu-45 kumasayizi ajwayelekile kanye nezinsuku ezingu-60 kuma-variants anzima. Lokhu kuvumela umsabalalisi ukuthi asebenze ngokujika kwesitoko okungu-4.5 ngonyaka - ngaphezu kwesilinganiso semboni sokujika okungu-3 - ngokuthembela ekubikezelweni kweshejuli yethu yokukhiqiza.

Ucwaningo Lwecala: Imikhumbi Yokubhidliza YaseTokyo Yehlisa Izehlakalo Zokulahlekelwa Amazinyo Ngo-75%

Inkampani yokubhidliza eTokyo esebenzisa imishini yokumba engu-PC350 eyisishiyagalombili kanye nemishini yokumba engu-PC490 emithathu yabhidliza isilinganiso sezakhiwo ezingu-14 zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe ngonyaka — izakhiwo zamahhovisi, amagalaji okupaka, kanye nezakhiwo zamafulethi ezifika ezitezi eziyisikhombisa. Ngaphambi kuka-2024, bathola ama-adaptha amazinyo ebhakede kumhlinzeki ojwayelekile e-Osaka. Izinga lokulahlekelwa amazinyo emikhumbi laliyimicimbi engu-0.14 ngomshini ngamunye ngosuku lokusebenza — okusho ukuthi imikhumbi yabhekana nokulahlekelwa amazinyo njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-4.2 zokusebenza emishinini engu-11. Umcimbi ngamunye wawudinga ukuma imizuzu engu-35-45 (ukuthola nokuthola isihloko sezinyo esilahlekile, ukuhlola i-adaptha, nokufaka esinye), bechitha amahora angu-3.2 abasebenzi ngosuku emotweni.

NgoJanuwari 2024, umphathi wemikhumbi wasithinta ngemuva kokuzwa ngemininingwane yethu embukisweni wezohwebo we-JCEA. Sihlinzeke ngama-adapter angu-500 anzima (ibanga le-HRC 50 elinama-clip angu-60Si2Mn) emikhumbi ye-PC350 kanye nama-200 emikhumbi ye-PC490 — wonke aqinisekiswe yi-CMM anokulandelela kwe-batch. Siphinde sahlinzeka ngezinsuku ezimbili zokuqeqeshwa kokufakwa endaweni: (1) i-torque efanele yephini lokugcina kanye ne-clip — i-45 Nm ye-PC350 kanye ne-75 Nm ye-PC490, elinganiswa nge-torque wrench, hhayi "ukuzizwa"; (2) izindlela zokuhlola ezibonakalayo zokugqoka kwe-adapter — zithathelwe indawo lapho ububanzi bephuzu lempumulo sebugugile ngo-5 mm ukusuka kubukhulu bokuqala; kanye (3) isheduli yokushintsha i-clip — njalo emahoreni angu-200 okusebenza kungakhathaliseki isimo sokubona.

Ezinyangeni ezingu-12 kulandela ukushintsha, izinga lokulahlekelwa amazinyo emikhumbi lehle lisuka ku-0.14 imicimbi ngosuku lomshini laya ku-0.035 imicimbi - ukwehla okungu-75%. Ukuma okuphelele kokulahlekelwa amazinyo okungahleliwe kwehle kusuka ku-511 imicimbi kulo lonke iqembu ngo-2023 kwaya ku-128 imicimbi ngo-2024. Ukulahlekelwa amahora abasebenzi kwehle kusuka emahoreni angu-3.2 ngosuku kwaya emahoreni angu-0.8 ngosuku - kuthola u-$46,000 ezindlekweni zabasebenzi minyaka yonke. Umphathi wemikhumbi ubike ukuthi ezimbili ze-PC350 zadlula kuphrojekthi yonke yokubhidliza - izinyanga ezine zezinsuku zamahora angu-14 - ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngisho nakanye amazinyo. "Lokho akuzange kwenzeke ngama-adapter angaphambilini," esho ocingweni lwethu lokulandelela.Iziqondiso zokwakha ze-OSHAUkufakwa kwezinti kanye nemishini esindayo kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokugcinwa kahle kwamathuluzi okusebenzisa umhlabathi, kanye nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngamazinyo okungalindelekile kunegalelo ngqo emisebenzini yokudiliza ephephile ngokuqeda ukumisa komshini okungahleliwe eduze kobuso bokudiliza obusebenzayo.

Kwabasabalalisi baseJapan kanye namakhasimende abo emikhumbi, umyalezo ovela kulolu cwaningo uthi: izindleko ze-adaptha — ¥3,500–¥8,000 ngeyunithi ngayinye kuye ngosayizi — akuyona i-metric efanele. I-metric efanele yizindleko ngehora lokusebenza. I-adaptha ye-PC350 ebiza ¥6,000 futhi ihlala amahora angama-250 ngaphambi kokuthi ishintshwe ibiza ¥24 ngehora. I-adaptha yokuncintisana engu-¥4,500 ehlala amahora ayi-150 ibiza ¥30 ngehora. I-adaptha yekhwalithi ephezulu igcina ¥6 ngehora — futhi emshinini osebenza amahora angama-2,500 ngonyaka, lokho kungu-¥15,000 ngomshini ngamunye ngonyaka. Lapho umphathi wemikhumbi ephindaphinda lokho ngemishini yokumba engu-350 kumakhasimende omsabalalisi, amandla okonga ngonyaka angama-¥5.25 million — futhi lokho kungaphambi kokubala ukonga kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi ngenxa yezehlakalo ezimbalwa zokulahlekelwa amazinyo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa